Incentives to Contribute#
Anreize zur Contribution implementiert und dokumentiert (OSS-Communities und Digital Commons Projekte evaluiert)
Wie können Akteure incentiviert werden, ihre (angereicherten ) Daten und andere Contributions (Code etc.) zur Dateninfrastruktur beizutragen? (siehe auch Gouvernanz) Was können wir von (nicht) funktionierenden OSS-Communities und Digital Commons Projekten lernen?
Data#
To analyze the incentives to contribute data we utilize the “9R Framework”, a method for describing and identifying the business case for data reuse for the public good.[1] We differentiate between public and private institutions.
Incentive |
Description |
|
|---|---|---|
Reciprocity |
Gaining access to data sources and other assets held by organizations whose data may be important to business decisions. |
Parliamentary services, chancelleries and members of parliament get (better) access to (better) legislative data of other institutions |
Rectifying Errors and Improving Data Quality |
Identifying errors in datasets by letting others access and use them. |
We report errors to parliamentary services and help them improve their data. |
Research and Insights |
Generating new answers to questions, and providing organizations with insights that may not have otherwise been extracted |
e.g. via data intermediaries, researchers etc. |
Reproducibility |
Testing results of analysis by allowing others to conduct identical or related work. |
doesn’t apply |
Reputation |
Enhancing an organization’s image and reputation, attracting media, new users, customers, and investors who value socially conscious corporate actors. |
doesn’t apply to public institutions, partially to private institutions. |
Responsibility and Philanthropy |
Fulfilling an organization’s social responsibilities, improving the environment in which it operates, and bolstering its reputation |
Public institutions have to pursue the public interest |
Recruiting and Retaining Talent |
Attracting and retaining data science talent with projects that are compelling and socially relevant |
|
Regulatory Compliance |
Helping organizations comply with regulations, become more transparent, or otherwise promote responsible data management. |
does not apply |
Revenue Maximization |
Providing opportunities to generate new income or cut costs. |
Private institutions get the opportunity to generate income through offering their data. |
Software#
“We distinguished three types of contributors: (i) Contributors that the members of a community pay, (ii) Contributors paid by an entity that is not part of the project governance structure, and (iii) Voluntary contributors. • Government- and foundation-sponsored DPGs have three options to engage with exter- nal contributors: (i) No formalized external community governance, (ii) Formalized mechanisms to govern the contributions of the external community, or (iii) Formalized access and path to involvement in the DPG’s governance as a future DPG member. • (i) Having no formalized external governance corresponds to the minimum definition of a DPG and has its code publicly available; we advocate that a DPG should go beyond this. • With a (ii) formalized contribution mechanism, a DPG additionally allows external contrib- utors to make comments on, or contribute to, the code base. • (iii) Formalized access and path to involvement in the DPG’s governance as a future DPG member outlines who can get involved in the DPG and under what rules. • There are real costs, such as expenses in terms of resources, to enabling outside con- tributions to a DPG. In the open-source communities, full-time community managers are often needed to oversee and coordinate external contributors’ activities.”[2]